English Trips and Usage

Mrs.Wandee  Jeamsombun
Position   Librarian

Summary of Training Content

1. Principles of self-introduction in english
2. Conversation greetings dialogne
3. Principles of pronunciation in English or English sound system
4. Principles of pronunciation, vowel and diphthong
5. Effective speech communication

Communication  means the process of sending information from the sender to the receiver the purpose is to induce the recipients to react expected to meet the sender

The Process of Communication

1. Sender
2. Message
3. Channel
4. Receivers
5. Feedback

Types of Communication

1. Verbal Communication refers to the use of symbols in the form of spoken words to transmit messages
   • Oral Communication (ex. face-to-face conversations, speech, telephonic conversation, video, radio, television, voice over internet)
   • Written Communication  (ex. email, letter, report, memo)

          Nonverbal Communication  refers to the use of symbols other than words to transmit messages. if Includes gestures, body language, how we utter words, aspects of our environment that influence meaning and objects such a jewelry, furniture and clothing that send people messages about ourselves

Elements of Nonverbal Communication

1. Appearance Speaker: clothing, hairstyle, neatness, use of cosmetics surrounding: room size, lighting, decorations, furnishings;
2. Body language, facial expressions, gestures, postures; and
3. Sounds voice tone, volume, speech rate

Levels of Communication

Intrapersonal Communication- communicating with one’s self.

Interpersonal Communication- Communication between two or more persons

Dyadic Communication- is the communication that occurs between two persons

Ex. Everyday English-telephone conversation

Small Group Communication

Ex. Everyday English-giving Directions, Everyday English-Tour Guiding

Public Communication– large group communication

Mass Communication– communication through the use of mass media

The Human Voice 

Voice is the production of sound. It accompanies the human speech with the combination of the sounds from the human voice so that they become symbols that represent meanings to both the speaker and the listener. The human voice is capable of various dimensions making it possible to identify one person to another

Elements of the human voice

Voice Qualities

                   IT refers to the timbre of the voice. This characteristic distinguishes one voice from another. Qualities could be soft, harsh, husky nasal, breathy, or thin. This distinctive characteristic of voice makes it pleasant or unpleasant to hear

Here are the varying voice qualities:

1. Normal Voice – in conversation, you speak naturally showing little or no emotion
2. Breathy Voice –when you want to create an atmosphere of secrecy and mystery you use a breathy or whispery voice
3. Full Voice – In many forms of public speaking when the voice must be projected t a greater distance, or when an occasion is formal and dignified, you see the full, deep quality of your voice, it is usually used when one wants to create a mood of reverence and solemnity, melancholy, stirring appeal for justice or sobriety
4. Chesty Voice – this is a deep hollow voice as if coming from a deep and empty cave. Its voice quality has less nasal resonance and it is accompanied by a vibration in the bony structure of the upper chest, thus making it a chesty voice with a “pectoral” quality. This voice can be used when speaking a part of a spirit or a ghost

Thin Voice  – This voice quality is thin and high pitched, the high pitch being is its chief characteristic. This “Falsetto” quality occurs only in extreme fatigue, weakening, old age, ill health, or in extreme excitement

Voice Levels (Pitch)

                   Pitch concerns how high or low a voice may be. Pitch is another element of voice which shows emotions. It is the location of the sound on the musical scale and is determined by the tension applied to the tone-producing mechanism – the vocal chords. Varying the pitch mean going up and down the scale so that voices could be described as high, medium, or low.

 Voice Intensity

                   Voice intensity is a quality in speaking that arises from strong feeling. Never confuse it with mere loudness of tone. IT pertains to the force used in speech. This amplification of the  tone is caused by the force of the expiratory air stream and the efficient use of the resonators, not by the constriction of the throat. Intensity also refers to the effect of a sound on the ear- which may mean loudness or softness

Volume and Voice Projection

                   Volume is the degree of loudness; and projection is the process of directing the voice to a specific target

Voice/Speech Rate

                   Speech rate pertains to the speed variations in speaking. Slow speech projects such personality characteristics as calmness, acceptance, and formality. If the speech is very slow, it may project an image of dullness, listlessness, apathy, laziness, and sometimes lack of intelligence. Rapid speech projects animation, enthusiasm, excitement, and informality
Public Speaking As A Communication

                   Public Communication – also known, large group communication, is a form of communication consisting of a speaker who acts as the source of information and a public or group of people who receives the information related. In this wet up, immediate and obvious feedback is not necessary, sometimes, restricted, because of the physical and psychological distance between the speaker and the audience. This form lacks the spontaneity of the face-to –face communication.

Examples of this kind are the speeches to inform, to persuade, and to entertain which are usually given before an audience

Profile of a Good Speaker

1. A good speaker is lively, interested, enthusiastic, and vital. He feels alive; he sees his audience as living people. He is interested in his topic and considers it vital to such people. So he speaks of it with enthusiasm That’s the best way to interest the audience
2. A good speaker is earnest. He doesn’t talk, to show off his clothes, or his smile, or his smile, or his diction, or his voice. He doesn’t turn on the charm when he stands up only to switch it off as he sits down
3. A good speaker has a sense of responsibility to his listeners. He realizes that if the talks for five minutes to a hundred listeners he is taking five hundred minutes out of people’s lives. He tries to say something that will be worth that precious time
4. A good speaker has a sense of responsibility to others on the program. If he has been allotted five minutes, he does not take ten. He takes care not to squeeze others off the program, or force them to hurry. They, too may have something worthwhile to say
5. A good speaker has a sense of responsibility to his subject. He doesn’t bite off more than he can chew. He doesn’t spread it thin
6. A good speaker has a sense of leadership; he stands up tall; he talks eye to eye; he speaks responsibly and with authority, as a leader should, He is positive, friendly, and straight forward.
7. A good speaker keeps his head. He doesn’t let his enthusiasm carry him too far. He doesn’t become a zealot. He doesn’t let his confidence become overconfidence. He doesn’t let himself get intoxicated with the sense of power that comes with being in the public eye
8. A good speaker tries to balanced, sane
9. A good speaker keeps his sense of humor
10. To the beginning speaker: Be yourself. Say what you think, not what some columnist or newscasters think

Impromptu Speech 

An impromptu speech is a speech that you have to make when you haven’t prepared. In life, this can happen when you attend special events, like weddings or celebrations. In school, teachers use impromptu speeches as homework assignments to help you develop communication skills and to help you prepare for those future life surprises.

Extemporaneous Speech

                   Speeches are words that are beautiful, melodic, and keen. Speeches are often given in important ceremonies, such as major hospitality ceremonies. The ceremony has been held for important positions, such as the Prime Minister, President, or at the celebrations, reminiscences of important people, national important days, or a particular topic. To create insights It is a statement that expresses political goodwill. Speech is important. It is often regarded as a great talk.

Benefits

1. English Sound System
2. Pronunciation
3. Vowels and Diphthongs
4. Effective Speech Communication
5. The Process of Communication
6. English-Telephone Conversation
7. Principles of Speaking
8. Conversation Greetings Dialogue
9. Public Speaking as a Communication
10. Vocabulary